1
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Psychology, University of Religions and Denominations
2
Master's degree from Imam Khomeini Educational and Research Institute, Qom
Abstract
The present study was conducted with the aim of reliability, validation, and investigation of the factor structure of the Hazm (Future-Looking) Questionnaire. The present study is a descriptive and survey-type study. A total of 278 students were selected using a stratified random method and completed the original Hazm questionnaire (Khakbazan and Rafiei-Honar, 2019). In order to examine the validity of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, Spearman-Brown split-half, and Guttman split-half were used. Cronbach's alpha coefficient in the test and retest stages was 0.789 and 0.765, respectively. The Spearman-Brown split-half and Guttman split-half coefficients were 0.858 and 0.856, respectively. Principal component analysis using Varimax rotation showed that the Hazm scale (by removing 25 questions with low factor loadings) consists of 4 factors: identity, time course, conscious action, and self-control. In summary, the present study showed that the Hazm (futurism) questionnaire has good validity and reliability and can be used to measure futurism. In addition, in this study, "self-control" was identified as one of the factors constituting the futurism construct, along with the previous three factors.
khakbazan, N., & shabani, M. (2025). normalization, Validation and investigation of factor structure of Hazm scale (Foresight)based on Islamic sources. Islam and Psychological Research, (), -.
MLA
navid khakbazan; milad shabani. "normalization, Validation and investigation of factor structure of Hazm scale (Foresight)based on Islamic sources", Islam and Psychological Research, , , 2025, -.
HARVARD
khakbazan, N., shabani, M. (2025). 'normalization, Validation and investigation of factor structure of Hazm scale (Foresight)based on Islamic sources', Islam and Psychological Research, (), pp. -.
VANCOUVER
khakbazan, N., shabani, M. normalization, Validation and investigation of factor structure of Hazm scale (Foresight)based on Islamic sources. Islam and Psychological Research, 2025; (): -.
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